心房 隔 缺陷
Overview
An atrial septal defect (ASD) is an abnormal hole in the atrial septum, 分隔心脏上两个腔室的墙. A small opening in the atrial septum is normal during gestation and may still be present at birth but will usually close up on its own. 如果这个洞在出生后没有闭合, 过量的血液流入心脏的右侧, 然后穿过肺动脉，进入肺部. The extra blood flow forces the heart and lungs to work harder than they should, 随着时间的推移，哪些会造成损害.
约2,000 infants in the United States are born with ASD each year, with girls about twice as likely as boys to be affected.
Small ASDs may close on their own by the time a child is 2 years old. Larger ASDs are more problematic and can increase a person's risk for 充血性心力衰竭 and 中风 later in life. In some people, the defect doesn't cause 症状 until middle age.
我们治疗房间隔缺损的方法
UCSF提供全面的, highly specialized care for adults living with atrial septal defect or other heart defects. Our dedicated team of experts offers a wide array of services, including thorough medical evaluations; advanced treatments; long-term monitoring; and personalized recommendations on diet, 锻炼, 社会心理支持和计划生育.
For surgical repair of the defect, we can often take a minimally invasive approach. This means that surgeons perform the repair via a small "keyhole" incision on the side of the chest or through a catheter (a thin, 挠性管), which they insert into a blood vessel through a small incision in the groin and gently guide up to the heart. 这些技术给病人带来了很多好处, 包括减少术后疼痛, 更快的恢复和更少的疤痕.
了解更多有关 UCSF成人先天性心脏病诊所.
奖 & 识别
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是全国顶尖的十大赌博平台排行榜之一
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全国最好的心脏病和心脏专家之一 & 血管手术
迹象 & 症状
症状的严重程度取决于自闭症谱系障碍的大小. 它们可能出现在儿童时期，也可能晚至中年. 常见症状包括:
- 呼吸急促（气促）
- 乏力
- 心悸
- 运动能力下降
- 心 murmur (a heartbeat sound caused by extra blood flow, detectable with a stethoscope)
- 心律失常(心律不齐)
If untreated, ASDs can have serious complications, including 充血性心力衰竭, 中风 和艾森曼格综合症, a life-threatening issue that develops over time from high blood pressure in the arteries that go from the heart to the lungs.
诊断
Most ASDs are discovered during a childhood physical exam, 当医护人员发现心脏杂音时.
To help diagnose ASD in adulthood, your doctor may suggest one or more of the following tests:
- 心电图(EKG或ECG). This involves placing electrodes on the skin to record the heart's electrical activity.
- 胸部x光检查. These provide images of the heart, lungs and major blood vessels.
- 超声心动图. This study uses sound waves (ultrasound) to create images of the heart.
- 冠状动脉造影. This involves passing a catheter into the heart and injecting a dye to see moving images of its structure and function.
治疗
Because ASDs can cause irreversible damage to the heart and lungs over time, all ASDs larger than a few millimeters across should be treated, 不管你在诊断时的年龄.
In the past, ASD closure required open-heart surgery through an incision in the center of the chest. 这些天, 我们可以用侵入性更小的方法来关闭自闭症, which can speed up your recovery and reduce post-op pain and scarring. Your surgeon will use stiches or a small patch to repair the defect.
Closing an ASD usually leads to significant improvement in 症状, 而且大多数病人在手术后都很健康. A small percentage of patients develop pulmonary hypertension (high blood pressure in the arteries connecting the heart and lungs) or an irregular heartbeat. 手术后, it's a good idea to periodically see a cardiologist who specializes in heart birth defects, 特别是如果你可能怀孕了.
微创ASD闭合手术
Most patients are eligible for the minimally invasive approach, in which the surgeon makes a small incision between two ribs on the right side of the chest, 插入专门的手术器械, 用缝线或贴片缝合ASD. The operation usually takes five to six hours and involves several days of recovery in the hospital. Most patients return to their normal routines within eight weeks.
通过心导管关闭ASD
Alternatively, some small ASDs can be closed using a procedure known as cardiac catheterization. 而不是在你胸口开个切口, your provider inserts a catheter into a blood vessel in your groin and gently guides it through blood vessels until it's inside your heart. 该导管用于测量ASD, then a small patch or plug is fed through the tube and used to close the hole.
Cardiac catheterization takes about three hours, and complications are rare. Most patients leave the hospital the day after having the procedure.
加州大学旧金山分校健康 medical specialists have reviewed this information. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.
