Lupus

Signs & symptoms

虽然狼疮的严重程度和症状范围因人而异, common symptoms include:

• Painful or swollen joints and muscle pain
• Unexplained fever
• “蝴蝶型”皮疹，最常见于鼻梁和脸颊
• Chest pain when breathing deeply, called pleurisy
• Unusual hair loss
• Sensitivity to the sun
• Swelling, or edema, in the legs or around the eyes
• Swollen glands
• Extreme fatigue

Diagnosis

你的十大赌博平台排行榜会记录你完整的病史, including a description of your symptoms. 您还将接受身体检查，以检查是否有任何疾病的体征. 为了对狼疮做出明确的诊断，可以使用一些测试, including the following:

• Antinuclear Antibody Test (ANA) 该测试可识别狼疮患者血液中典型存在的某些自身抗体. Most people with lupus test positive for ANA. 然而，由于感染和其他风湿病或免疫疾病，也可能出现ANA阳性结果. 此外，没有狼疮的健康人也可能呈阳性.
• Other Blood Tests 你的十大赌博平台排行榜可能会要求你做其他的血液测试来检测不同类型的自身抗体, which are more specific to people with lupus. 这些抗体包括抗dna和抗ena抗体以及血清补体水平. 然而，并不是所有狼疮患者的测试结果都呈阳性.
• Urinalysis Because lupus can cause kidney problems, 你的十大赌博平台排行榜可能会建议检查你的尿液, called urinalysis. If elevated amounts of protein are found, 您可能会被要求收集您在24小时内通过的所有尿液进行分析.
• Biopsy In certain situations, 你的十大赌博平台排行榜可能会建议对受影响的器官进行活组织检查, such as kidney or skin, to better help in diagnosis and treatment. 肾活检需要住院一晚.

你的十大赌博平台排行榜可能会要求你做梅毒或抗心磷脂抗体测试. 检测结果呈阳性并不意味着你得了梅毒, 但可能表明存在一种抗体，这种抗体会增加血液凝固和流产的风险.

Treatments

There is currently no cure for lupus. However, for most people, 有效的治疗可以大大减轻症状并帮助维持正常的身体功能. Treatment often includes:

• 减少炎症和免疫系统活动的药物
• Balancing rest with exercise
• Maintaining a healthy diet

Drug Therapy

Medications commonly used to treat lupus, include:

• Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) 这些药物，如阿司匹林和布洛芬，可以缓解肌肉和关节疼痛以及关节炎.
• Acetaminophen 这是泰诺的主要成分，一种温和的止痛药.
• Corticosteroids Synthetically produced corticosteroids, such as Prednisone, 是用来减少炎症和抑制免疫系统的活动吗.
• Antimalarials These drugs, such as Plaquenil, 有助于缓解狼疮的症状，也可以防止其他器官的严重病变.
• Immunomodulating Drugs 这些药物，如Imuran、Cellcept、甲氨蝶呤和环磷酰胺，会抑制免疫系统. 它们可以减少皮质类固醇的剂量.

Lifestyle Changes

For most people with lupus, 积极改变生活方式可以让他们更好地控制疾病，提高生活质量. Preventive measures include:

• 经常锻炼有助于防止肌肉无力和疲劳
• 预防特定感染的免疫接种
• Lifestyle adjustments, such as getting plenty of rest, reducing stress, eating a balanced diet and quitting smoking
• 避免过度暴露在阳光下或定期涂抹防晒霜，以减少红斑狼疮的皮疹和耀斑