胸腺瘤

迹象 & 症状

高达50%的胸腺瘤没有症状. 有症状的患者可能会遇到:

• 胸部疼痛
• 呼吸急促（气促）
• 咳嗽
• 面部、颈部、手臂或上身其他部位肿胀

不太常见的症状包括发烧、盗汗和体重减轻.

诊断

你的十大赌博平台排行榜会先给你做身体检查, 回顾你的病史，评估你的症状. 下一步将是以下测试之一:

• 胸部x光片. 大多数胸腺瘤可以在传统的胸部x线检查中发现, but your doctor may order additional imaging tests for more details about the tumor's size, 位置及组成.
• 胸部CT扫描. 拍摄图像, a thin X-ray beam rotates around the chest area; then a computer program processes the data to construct a three-dimensional, 横断面图像.
• PET扫描. This highly sensitive technique uses a radioactive tracer to collect images of body tissues.
• 胸部核磁共振扫描. A powerful magnet linked to a computer is used to create detailed images of structures inside the body.
• 活组织检查. 如果影像学检查显示有肿瘤, 你的十大赌博平台排行榜可能会进行活检来确认胸腺瘤的诊断. This involves using a needle or surgical procedure to collect a tissue sample that can be examined in the laboratory.

暂存

If the diagnosis is thymoma, your doctor will want to determine the stage or extent of the disease. 分期是一个仔细的过程，以了解癌症是否已经扩散和, 如果是这样的话, 到身体的哪个部位. 了解这个阶段有助于十大赌博平台排行榜制定治疗计划. 胸腺瘤的四个阶段如下:

• 阶段我. 肿瘤局限于胸腺.
• 第二阶段. 癌症 cells have spread to the fat around the thymus or to the lining of the chest cavity.
• 第三阶段. 癌细胞已经扩散到附近的器官, 比如肺, 心脏周围囊, 或者大血管.
• 四期. 癌症 cells have metastasized throughout the heart, lungs, blood or lymphatic system.

治疗

胸腺瘤如何治疗取决于它是否扩散和分期, 但患者通常会经历以下一种或多种情况:

• 手术. 切除肿瘤是胸腺瘤最常见的治疗方法. 在早期阶段, 当癌细胞还没有扩散到胸腺以外的时候, 手术可能是所有需要的.
• 放射治疗. Also called radiotherapy, this involves using high-energy X-rays to kill cancer cells. 放射治疗 is restricted to a limited area and affects the cancer cells only in that area. It may be used before surgery to shrink a tumor or after surgery to destroy any remaining cancer cells in the treated area.
• 化疗. 这是使用抗癌药物杀死全身的癌细胞. 化疗通常用于扩散到胸腺以外的胸腺瘤. The drugs may be delivered orally (as pills) or directly into the circulation (through an IV injection or catheter).
• 激素疗法. This can slow the growth of cancer cells by removing or blocking the activity of hormones. In later stages of thymoma, corticosteroids may be used to limit the cancer's spread.
• 靶向治疗. Drugs or other substances are used to pinpoint and attack specific types of cancer cells (for instance, 这种疗法可能会阻断刺激肿瘤生长的分子。. Your doctor may run tests to determine the genetic or molecular makeup of your tumor – information that can guide treatment choices. Targeted therapies tend to cause less damage to healthy cells than does 化疗 or 辐射.
• 免疫疗法. 这种疗法利用病人自身的免疫系统来治疗胸腺瘤. Substances are used to mobilize the body's natural defenses to kill cancer cells or prevent them from spreading.